Dr. Mary Dan Eades
See book keywords and concepts |  If your weight falls between 120 and 200 pounds, take 1500 mg glucosamine plus 1200 mg chondroitin sulfates. Anyone over 200 pounds should take 2000 mg glucosamine and 1600 mg chondroitin sulfates. Everyone's needs vary, so be sure to have a thorough consultation with a physician and make clear your intent to follow this treatment.
• Niacin appears to decrease pain and increase mobility of painful joints after as little as 2 to 6 weeks of supplementation. Case reports show the effect to be especially beneficial for osteoarthritis of the knees. |
Jean Carper
See book keywords and concepts |  More than 200 pounds, 2,000 milligrams of glucosamine plus 1,600 milligrams of chondroitin sulfates." He suggests dividing the glucosamine and chondroitin supplements into two to four doses, taken throughout the day with food. He and other experts also advise adjusting the dose to fit your individual response. Some people get better right away and cut their initial doses by one-half to one-third, says Dr. Theodosakis. People who are obese or on diuretics may need higher doses, some European studies suggest.
How Quickly Does It Work?
Some people feel a little better within a week or two. |
Jack Challem
See book keywords and concepts |  For eight weeks some of the subjects received daily supplements containing 1,500 mg of glucosamine hydrochloride, 1,200 mg of chondroitin sulfate, and 228 mg of manganese ascorbate (a form of vitamin C). Meanwhile, other subjects received placebos, and all the subjects were crossed over to the opposite regimen for another eight weeks.
During the study about half of the patients with osteoarthritis of the knees improved, with reductions of 26 to 43 percent in symptoms, while taking the supplements. However, the supplements did not help with low-back pain.
In a separate clinical trial, Amal K. |
The Life Extension Editorial Staff
See book keywords and concepts |  Glucosamine and chondroitin should also be supplemented to encourage cartilage fotmation and repait if the fracture has extended along an articular (joint) surface and there is likely cartilage injury also.
Growth factors have been studied with tespect to fracture healing. At the ptesent time, most of this work is in the research stage, although even now synthetic bone grafts imptegnated with growth factots such as IGF-1 are available (Schmidmaier et al. 2001; Spiroet al. 2001). |
Sheldon Saul Hendler
See book keywords and concepts | | There is some evidence that chondroitin sulfate can lower cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the blood and protect against blood clotting.
This is a promising substance that deserves further research. It is available as a supplement in some health food stores.
(See discussion of hyaluronic acid, this section, for news of a drug that combines chondroitin sulfate with hyaluronic acid.)
Deaner (DMAE)
(Life Shortener? |
Jack Challem
See book keywords and concepts | | Additional sulfur, also essential for cartilage formation, can be obtained in glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, or methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), and small amounts of manganese can be obtained in a multimin-eral supplement.
What Else Might Help?
A variety of other nutrients, herbs, and habits also may reduce inflammation and pain associated with osteoarthritis. The least expensive change is to drink more water. According to Hugh D. Riordan, M.D., of the Center for the Improvement of Human Functioning International, Wichita,
Kansas, poor hydration is a common problem. |
Marion Nestle
See book keywords and concepts |  One testing laboratory reported that half of the glucosamine/chondroitin (antiarthritis) products it sampled did not contain as much chondroitin as was listed on the label, perhaps because this substance costs four times as much as glucosamine. Although the combination of the two substances is advertised widely as beneficial, the "joint health" product shown in Figure 24 only contains glucosamine. The testing laboratory also found supplements of saw palmetto, ginkgo biloba, and echinacea to contain less of those substances than listed on the product labels. |
Ruth Winter, M.S.
See book keywords and concepts |  DERMATAN SULFATE • chondroitin Sulfate. chondroitin Sulfuric Acid. Occurs in both skeletal and soft connective tissue. It is abundant in skin, arterial walls, and heart valves. DERMATITIS • Inflammation of the skin.
DERMIS • The lower layer of skin, overlying subcutaneous fat and composed of blood vessels, lymph sacs, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and oil and sweat glands.
DERMOLECT1NE • New ingredient that at this writing was being developed. It is from potatoes and acts similar to a hormone. It is a cellular growth promoter. |
James A. Duke, Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Glucosamine and chondroitin are available wherever supplements are sold. The recommended dose of glucosamine is 500 milligrams three times a day; for chondroitin, 400 milligrams three times a day. I take both for my arthritic aches. I think they help. sam-e (S-adenosylmethionine). Pronounced "sammy," this new supplement, imported from Europe, is supposed to help both osteoarthritis and depression. The Germans have approved SAM-e for joint
Exercise Keeps You One Step Ahead of Pain sM£l Years ago, if you had osteoarthritis, your doctor would have advised you to go easy on the physical activity. |
Jean Carper
See book keywords and concepts | | Some arthritis sufferers and doctors have been inspired to try glucosamine after it worked in their dogs. chondroitin (con-DROY-tin) is another major cartilage builder and is made into supplements from cow, shark, and whale cartilage.
What's the Evidence?
Glucosamine has been the "drug of choice" for treating osteoarthritis in Portugal, Spain, and Italy since the early 1980s. No question, when swallowed, the substances rapidly reach the proper targets—connective tissues and joint cartilage, as tracked by the use of radioactively labeled agents. |
Janet Zand, LAc, OMD, Allan N. Spreed, MD, CNC, James B. LaValle, RPh, ND
See book keywords and concepts |  A multivitamin and mineral supplement, plus supplemental glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and/ or evening primrose or flaxseed oil. In addition, make certain that your calcium intake equals approximately 1,200 milligrams daily, and your magnesium intake 600 to 800 milligrams daily.
¦ If you are interested in exploring hormone replacement therapy, discuss with your doctor the possible use of natural hormone replacement using triple-estrogen, or "tri-est," and natural progesterone. These are available from compounding pharmacists. |
Jean Carper
See book keywords and concepts | | He suggests dividing the glucosamine and chondroitin supplements into two to four doses, taken throughout the day with food. He and other experts also advise adjusting the dose to fit your individual response. Some people get better right away and cut their initial doses by one-half to one-third, says Dr. Theodosakis. People who are obese or on diuretics may need higher doses, some European studies suggest.
How Quickly Does It Work?
Some people feel a little better within a week or two. Generally, improvement should be noticeable within eight weeks. | | A natural substance called glucosamine, sometimes combined with another nutrient, chondroitin, is the most potent medicine, prescription or other, known to combat the underlying cause of joint degeneration, most often exemplified by osteoarthritis, the crippler that strikes nearly 90 percent of us if we live long enough.
Here's what happens: The articular cartilage—that smooth, tough, rubbery, gelatinous stuff that acts as a cushion or shock absorber to keep the ends of the bones in your joints from rubbing together—begins to break down and doesn't regenerate. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
See book keywords and concepts |  LJ chondroitin and glucosamine are made even more effective by supplementation with 200 to 300 milligrams of magnesium ascorbate daily. This triple combination is especially helpful in treating OA of the knee and lower back.
—I Get at least fifteen to twenty minutes of sun on your hands and face every day, if possible. The ultraviolet (UV) rays of sunlight enable the skin to make vitamin D, which slows the progression of OA. Do not use sunblock, which keeps the skin from absorbing UV rays. |
the Editors of FC&A Medical Publishing
See book keywords and concepts |  And a recent study found that a combination of glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and manganese resulted in significant improvement for people with mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee.
Warding off warts
Pineapple's enzyme power seems good for a variety of ills, but its oddest use may be to dissolve warts. While most warts eventually go away on their own, if you want to speed up the process, try soaking a cotton ball with fresh pineapple juice and applying it to the wart.
Pineapple isn't the only food you can try either. |
Earl Mindell, R.Ph., Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  Glucosamine works best with two other supplements, chondroitin (see page 25), which is also found in cartilage, and pregnenolone (see page 121), a natural hormone. This combination not only can reduce the pain of arthritis but will stimulate the production of new cartilage.
Possible Benefits
Relieves and reverses symptoms of arthritis.
The Right Amount
I recommend glucosamine HC1, which is 40 percent more potent than regular glucosamine. Take up to three 500-mg. tablets daily. I also recommend taking 10 mg. of pregnenolone up to three times daily for maximum relief. |
Bill Gottlieb
See book keywords and concepts |  He recommends a supplement with 500 milligrams of glucosamine and 400 milligrams of chondroitin; take three a day if you weigh more than 110 pounds and two a day if you weigh less.
WATER: 64 Ounces a Day Is Essential
Staying well-hydrated boosts the circulation of the body pushing pain-relieving oxygen and nutrients into the areas hit by RSI, Dr. Markison says. He recommends a minimum of 64 ounces a day, but more is better.
CAFFEINE: You're Better Off without It
"li you have RSI, you should eliminate caffeine from your diet," Dr. Markison says. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  A mixture of highly purified bovine-derived glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are also naturally present in the human aorta (including dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and related glycosaminoglycans) has been shown to protect and promote normal artery and vein function. Two double-blind studies have compared aortic GAGs (72 mg per day) to hydroxyethylrutosides (1,000 mg per day) and bilberry extract (320 mg per day) in the treatment of hemorrhoids and varicose veins. The aortic extract produced far better results. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
See book keywords and concepts | | Chondroitin stimulates the growth of skin cells and accelerates metabolic processes that help the skin retain moisture.
LM Drink eight glasses of water daily. Adequate hydration helps maintain skin tone.
LM Use natural oils rather than harsh soaps and cold creams to remove dirt and makeup.
LM Avoid alcohol-based toning solutions. These can dry and chap the skin.
LM Get regular exercise, and treat high blood pressure and other circulatory disorders. Like other organs, the skin receives its nourishment through the bloodstream. Exercise increases circulation to the skin.
LM Do not smoke. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | The few clinical studies that have been done using orally administered chondroitin sulfate demonstrate that it is less effective than glucosamine sulfate.32"35 Far more impressive results have been achieved using glucosamine sulfate; glucosamine sulfate is faster-acting and provides much greater overall benefit.
Niacinamide
In the 1940s and 1950s, Dr. William Kaufman, and later Dr. Abram Hoffer, reported very good clinical results in the treatment of hundreds of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis using high-dose niacinamide (900 to 4,000 mg per day in divided doses). |
Janet Zand, LAc, OMD, Allan N. Spreed, MD, CNC, James B. LaValle, RPh, ND
See book keywords and concepts | | Take 500 milligrams of glucosamine sulfate and 350 milligrams of chondroitin sulfate three times daily. If you weigh more than 200 pounds, take the same amount four times daily.
¦ Green-foods supplements, available in health-food stores, are high in trace minerals essential to the laying down of bone. Take a green-foods supplement twice a day, as directed on the product label.
HERBAL TREATMENT
¦ Horsetail is high in silica, which is important for the proper formation of bone and connective tissue. Take 500 milligrams twice a day for three months. |
Jean Carper
See book keywords and concepts | | It seems likely that glucosamine sulfate alone (as proved by many well-designed studies), or a combination of glucosamine and chondroitin, including Cosamin (as many case histories support) may all work. The only way to really find out which works best for you is to do some trial-and-error experimenting; test them yourself and go with the one or ones that give the most relief.
Will It Work for Other Forms of Arthritis? Perhaps. |
Earl Mindell, R.Ph., Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | For all of these reasons, I believe that reishi may prove to be an important treatment for arthritis and related conditions along with other natural treatments, such as sea cucumber, glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfates, and essential fatty acids.
Reishi is available as tea and in capsules.
The Right Amount
To relieve pain and inflammation, take 100 mg. extract of reishi daily.
If you have cancer, you should work with a knowledgeable physician or natural healer. | | Sea cucumber is an excellent source of glucosamine (see page 58) and chondroitin sulfate (see page 25), which are important building blocks of cartilage, the connective tissue that absorbs shock and protects bones. It is the wearing down of cartilage that causes bones to rub together, triggering the pain and inflammation typical of arthritis.
In addition to these two substances, sea cucumber contains another recendy discovered substance that according to laboratory reports is an even more potent anti-inflammatory agent than hydrocortisone. | | Several other supplements in the Hot 100 can also help reduce the inflammation and pain typical of arthritis, and they can be used with glucosamine, chondroitin, and pregnenolone. If you are relying on NSAIDs to control your pain, I recommend that you try these natural remedies. Unlike NSAIDs, they do not cause stomach distress or other unpleasant side effects.
Possible Benefits
Reduces arthritic pain. Regrows cartilage.
The Right Amount
Take two 500-mg. tablets or capsules twice daily. |
Ralph Golan, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |  More easily absorbed than chondroitin sulfate, this agent stimulates the synthesis of new cartilage and actually inhibits deterioration.
• Shark cartilage capsules (up to 2,200 milligrams three times a day) have also been effective in providing arthritis relief. They are available from Allergy Research/Nutricology of San Leandro, California.
• Try niacinamide (up to 1,000 milligrams three times a day) or the timed-release form (800 milligrams twice a day) (available from Willner Chemists, New York) for effective symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis, especially involving the knees. |
Grace Ross Lewis
See book keywords and concepts |  What are glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate?
These are synthetic versions of compounds the body makes to stimulate the growth of cartilage. The theory is that these compounds rebuild cartilage and reduce the symptoms of arthritis. It is an acceptable treatment in veterinary medicine, but the Arthritis Foundation and the American College of Rheumatology have not recommended it for humans. The Food and Drug Administration has not approved it to treat arthritis. At this time, they are sold as nutritional supplements, and therefore do not need evidence that they are safe and effective. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D.
See book keywords and concepts | | In addition to these natural compounds, a mixture of highly purified bovine-derived glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) naturally present in the human aorta (including dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and related hexosaminoglycans) has been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation and protect and promote normal artery and vein function. |
Jack Challem
See book keywords and concepts | | Fifty-two percent of patients with mild or moderate osteoarthritis of the knee benefited from symptom reductions of 25 percent or more after taking the dietary supplements. In contrast, only about half that number of patients improved with the placebo.
Perhaps the most significant recent study was directed by Jean-Yves Reginster, M.D., of the University of Liege, Belgium. He and his fellow Belgian, Italian, and British researchers used digitized X rays to carefully measure the rate of knee cartilage damage in 106 patients with osteoarthritis. |
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