The Life Extension Editorial Staff
See book keywords and concepts |
 W PRODUCT AVAILABILITY
L-tyrosine; DL-phenylalanine; glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate; vitamins C and E; melatonin; Life Extension Mix (providing broad-spectrum antioxidant protection); lycopene; lutein; beta-carotene; vitamins Bi, B3, Bg, and B12; selenium; magnesium; boron; curcumin; Mygracare (with feverfew); Super GLA/DHA; Mega EPA; flaxseed oil; perilla oil; Inflacin; and other nutrients discussed in this protocol are available by telephoning (800) 544-4440 or by ordering online at www.lef.org. |
Philip Yam
See book keywords and concepts |
 These polysaccharides line many cell membranes and occupy the spaces between cells; they structurally support cells and lubricate joints (the most common is chondroitin sulfate, the stuff of cartilage). For many years, researchers have known that GAGs were associated with protease-resistant PrP and tend to coat PrPSc in the brain. Researchers in Caughey's lab wanted to see what the direct effect of these molecules might be in the conversion reaction. What they found was surprising. |
The Life Extension Editorial Staff
See book keywords and concepts |
| Note: Because of homocysteine's role in the metabolism of sulfur and methyl groups, elevated levels of homocysteine would be expected to negatively impact the biosynthesis of SAMe, carnitine, chondroitin sulfate, coenzyme Qiq, creatine, cysteine, dime thy lglycine, glucosamine sulfate, glutathione, melatonin, pantethine, phosphatidylcholine, and taurine. Many of these substances are profiled in the Therapeutic section for their cardioprotection and restorative qualities. The short supply of these agents could severely disable cardiac performance (Miller 1997). |
| It often works best when taken with the fatty acids GLA, DHA, and EPA; chondroitin sulfate; manganese; and vitamins C and E.
Many studies have shown glucosamine to be a potent natural remedy for osteoarthritis that seems to affect so many of us as we age. It also opposes degeneration of the substance of the joints that occurs in arthritis. Several studies conducted at research centers in Europe have shown that supplemental glucosamine reduces joint pain, tenderness, and swelling, making joints that had been frozen with pain and inflammation usable again (Vajaradul 1981). |
Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 2Michael T. Murray, ND
See book keywords and concepts |
| Therefore, any direct action of orally administered chondroitin sulfate on cartilage and chondrocytes is not possible.
The few clinical studies that have been done with orally administered chondroitin sulfate demonstrate that it is less effective than glucosamine sulfate.32-35 Far more impressive results have been achieved with glucosamine sulfate. Glucosamine sulfate is faster acting and provides much greater overall benefit. |
The Life Extension Editorial Staff
See book keywords and concepts |
| Chondroitin sulfate is an anti-inflammatoty and antioxidant and inhibits LDL oxidation; suggested daily dose, one to three 400-mg tablets.
12. + Chromium, 300-400 meg a day in divided doses, modulates blood glucose levels; decreases cholestetol; and is helpful in weight management; preventive dosage, 200 meg a day.
13. |
| The patients were given 800 mg of chondroitin sulfate a day or placebo. These results confirm that oral chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate is an effective and safe, slow-acting supplement for the treatment of knee OA. In addition, it may be able to stabilize the joint space width and to modulate bone and joint metabolism. This is the first preliminary demonstration that chondroitin might influence the natural course of OA in humans.
In anothet double-blind study, 119 patients that had finger-joint OA were treated and then followed for 3 years (Verbruggen et al 1998). |
Mark Hyman, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |
 Millions of arthritis sufferers have found relief from their pain with nonprescription, natural supplements called glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Glucosamine, a natural substance present in the body, is also found in high quantities in the shells of crustaceans such as crabs, lobster, and shrimp. Glucosamine not only relieves symptoms, but reduces the joint damage that occurs in arthritis; it puts out the fire as well as turning off the smoke alarm.
Chondroitin is a member of a family of compounds called proteoglycans, which combine protein and sugar molecules. |
John Boik
See book keywords and concepts |
 As another example, cartilage from dogs with experimentally induced osteoarthritis synthesizes chondroitin sulfate with longer carbohydrate
Signal transduction may occur via tyrosine phosphorylation (Juliano, 1994; Juliano and Varner, 1993) (see Section 14.6.). Lectins are proteins with two or more binding sites that can interact with specific sugars, thereby binding cell-surface proteoglycans (or glycolipids) and causing cell adhesion.
GAGs exist in four main forms: heparan sulfate and heparin, chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and keratan sulfate. |
The Life Extension Editorial Staff
See book keywords and concepts |
| Glucosamine alone or in combination with chondroitin sulfate is more and more becoming recognized as the treatment of choice for OA, even in the United States. Its ability to actually repair and improve joint function in addition to providing pain relief gives it a significant advantage compared to conventional treatment.
Willow Bark
Salicylic acid, the basis of aspirin, was first prepared from willow bark by an Italian chemist in 1838. The name of the compound is derived from Salix, the Latin name for the willow genus. Aspirin, acetylsali-cylic acid, is a synthetic form of salicylic acid. |
Gale Maleskey
See book keywords and concepts |
 The second substance that may play a role, chondroitin sulfate, is actually built up from glucosamine. "If glucosamine is the two-by-four used
Still, arthritis is the leading cause of disability among Americans over age 15. Osteoarthritis, the most common form, affects 20.7 million people. While there aren't any miracle cures, there's a lot you can do to minimize the damage.
The Basics of Care
First, maintain a healthy weight, doctors suggest, since people with osteoarthritis are more likely to be overweight. |
Ralph Golan, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |
 More easily absorbed than chondroitin sulfate, this agent stimulates the synthesis of new cartilage and actually inhibits deterioration.
Shark cartilage capsules (up to 2,200 milligrams three times a day) have also been effective in providing arthritis relief. They are available from Allergy Research/Nutricology of San Leandro, California.
Try niacinamide (up to 1,000 milligrams three times a day) or the timed-release form (800 milligrams twice a day) (available from Willner Chemists, New York) for effective symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis, especially involving the knees. |
| NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS
To help ligaments heal and strengthen, take manganese (50 milligrams a day), vitamin C (3,000 milligrams a day), bioflavonoids (up to 1,000 milligrams a day), zinc (30 milligrams a day), and glucosamine sulfate or chondroitin sulfate (up to 1,500 milligrams a day). Health food stores generally carry these supplements in combination formulas.
Rub vitamin C cream into the skin of the sprained joint several times a day (Derma C by Interplexus of Seattle, Washington).
Take proteolytic (protein-digesting) enzymes (1 or 2 between meals and at bedtime). |
Henry Pasternak, D.V.M., C.V.A.
See book keywords and concepts |
 Sea Cucumber
The reason sea cucumber is valuable is because it serves as a rich source of polysaccharide chondroitin sulfate (similar to perna), a well-known chondroprotective agent. I use this as I do perna canaliculus with equal benefit to both dogs and cats. Preliminary studies also suggest that it may possess antiviral and anticancer properties.9 chapter 9
A*.
Digestive Tract Diseases and Processed Pet Food
I believe that, in all but a few cases, the majority of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) problems in dogs and cats are caused by the ingestion of dead, enzymeless, and contaminated food. |
the Editors of FC&A Medical Publishing
See book keywords and concepts |
 And a recent study found that a combination of glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and manganese resulted in significant improvement for people with mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee.
Warding off warts
Pineapple's enzyme power seems good for a variety of ills, but its oddest use may be to dissolve warts. While most warts eventually go away on their own, if you want to speed up the process, try soaking a cotton ball with fresh pineapple juice and applying it to the wart.
Pineapple isn't the only food you can try either. |
Earl Mindell, R.Ph., Ph.D.
See book keywords and concepts |
 Sea cucumber is an excellent source of glucosamine (see page 58) and chondroitin sulfate (see page 25), which are important building blocks of cartilage, the connective tissue that absorbs shock and protects bones. It is the wearing down of cartilage that causes bones to rub together, triggering the pain and inflammation typical of arthritis.
In addition to these two substances, sea cucumber contains another recendy discovered substance that according to laboratory reports is an even more potent anti-inflammatory agent than hydrocortisone. |
Elson M. Haas, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |
 The mucopoly-saccharides may contain chondroitin sulfate, which is important to joint tissues.
Sulfur is important to cellular respiration, as it is needed in the oxidation-reduction reactions that help the cells utilize oxygen, which aids brain function and all cell activity. These reactions are dependent on cysteine, which also helps the liver produce bile secretions and eliminate other toxins. L-cysteine is thought to generally help body detoxification mechanisms through the tripeptide compound, glutathione. |
Ralph Golan, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |
| Supplement this regimen with glucosamine sulfate or chondroitin sulfate capsules (500 to 1,000 milligrams three or four times a day), and pycnogenol (25 milligrams three times a day). Health food stores often carry combination cartilage/tendon/ligament formulas containing many of the above nutrients.
HERBAL REMEDIES
Take Bromelain and Curcumin (two or three capsules three times a day between meals), natural anti-inflammatory agents, available from Scientific Botanicals of Seattle, Washington. |
Gale Maleskey
See book keywords and concepts |
| Das, people with osteoarthritis were given two tablets containing 500 milligrams of glucosamine hydrochloride and 400 milligrams of chondroitin sulfate in the morning and evening. For people with mild to moderate arthritis, the supplements decreased pain and allowed them to decrease the amount of anti-inflammatory medication they used. They did not help people who already had severe arthritis in a joint?that is, bone rubbing on bone.
Scientists believe that glucosamine somehow stimulates the cartilage cells to produce two important compounds that are the building blocks of cartilage. |
Stanley W. Jacob, M.D.
See book keywords and concepts |
 In my experience, chondroitin sulfate, another nutritional supplement said to promote healthy cartilage, has not proven to offer any significant clinical benefits. Scientific research indicates that chondroitin is generally not well absorbed.
Perspective # 3Ephrain Olszewer, M.D.
In Brazil, Efrain Olszewer, M.D., director of the International Preventive Medicine Clinic in Sao Paulo, has been testing MSM on arthritic patients for more than a year.
"We wanted to see if arthritics could be maintained on MSM alone, without any medication such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatories," says Olszewer. |
Phyllis A. Balch, CNC
See book keywords and concepts |
 LJ Take 400 milligrams of chondroitin sulfate and 400 to 500 milligrams of glucosamine sulfate daily. These substances are essential to joint repair. Taking glucosamine supplements reduces pain as effectively as taking ibupro-fen without tissue damage, although not as quickly. Chondroitin, although poorly absorbed through the digestive tract, is useful in increasing the effect of glucosamine.
LJ Chondroitin and glucosamine are made even more effective by supplementation with 200 to 300 milligrams of magnesium ascorbate daily. |
| LM Take 1,000 milligrams of chondroitin sulfate daily for premature wrinkling of the skin (wrinkles that appear before age thirty-five). Chondroitin stimulates the growth of skin cells and accelerates metabolic processes that help the skin retain moisture.
LM Drink eight glasses of water daily. Adequate hydration helps maintain skin tone.
LM Use natural oils rather than harsh soaps and cold creams to remove dirt and makeup.
LM Avoid alcohol-based toning solutions. These can dry and chap the skin.
LM Get regular exercise, and treat high blood pressure and other circulatory disorders. |
Grace Ross Lewis
See book keywords and concepts |
 What are glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate?
These are synthetic versions of compounds the body makes to stimulate the growth of cartilage. The theory is that these compounds rebuild cartilage and reduce the symptoms of arthritis. It is an acceptable treatment in veterinary medicine, but the Arthritis Foundation and the American College of Rheumatology have not recommended it for humans. The Food and Drug Administration has not approved it to treat arthritis. At this time, they are sold as nutritional supplements, and therefore do not need evidence that they are safe and effective. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D.
See book keywords and concepts |
 The few clinical studies that have been done using orally administered chondroitin sulfate demonstrate that it is less effective than glucosamine sulfate.32"35 Far more impressive results have been achieved using glucosamine sulfate; glucosamine sulfate is faster-acting and provides much greater overall benefit.
Niacinamide
In the 1940s and 1950s, Dr. William Kaufman, and later Dr. Abram Hoffer, reported very good clinical results in the treatment of hundreds of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis using high-dose niacinamide (900 to 4,000 mg per day in divided doses). |
| A mixture of highly purified bovine-derived glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that are also naturally present in the human aorta (including dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and related glycosaminoglycans) has been shown to protect and promote normal artery and vein function. Two double-blind studies have compared aortic GAGs (72 mg per day) to hydroxyethylrutosides (1,000 mg per day) and bilberry extract (320 mg per day) in the treatment of hemorrhoids and varicose veins. The aortic extract produced far better results. |
| In addition to these natural compounds, a mixture of highly purified bovine-derived glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) naturally present in the human aorta (including dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and related hexosaminoglycans) has been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation and protect and promote normal artery and vein function. |
| A mixture of highly purified bovine-derived glycosaminoglycans naturally present in the human aorta, including dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and related hexosaminoglycans, has been shown to protect and promote normal artery and vein function.
A number of clinical studies have demonstrated that supplementing the diet with aortic GAGs remarkably improves the structure, function, and integrity of arteries, as well as improving blood flow. |
Gale Maleskey
See book keywords and concepts |
| If you've been diagnosed with arthritis, get your doctor's approval first, then take 500 milligrams of glucosamine and 400 milligrams of chondroitin sulfate twice a day, says Dr. Das. From the time you start the double dose, allow from two weeks to four months to let the supplements do their work. You can continue to take them indefinitely.
Although the patients in Dr. Das's study took glucosamine hydrochloride, many naturopathic physicians typically recommend taking glucosamine sulfate because it is the type that has been tested most thoroughly in clinical trials. |
Michael T. Murray, N.D., Joseph E. Pizzorno, N.D.
See book keywords and concepts |
| These GAGs include dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and related hexosaminoglycans. The dosage of purified aortic GAGs is 100 mg daily.
Goals of Therapy
From a natural perspective, there are two primary therapeutic goals in the treatment of angina:
Improving energy metabolism within the heart
Improving the blood supply to the heart
These goals are interrelated, because increased blood flow means improved energy metabolism and vice versa. The treatment goals are best achieved by a combination of important nutrient factors (e.g. |
Larry Trivieri, Jr.
See book keywords and concepts |
 The researchers concluded that glucosamine sulfate rebuilt damaged cartilage, thereby reducing pain and other symptoms.37 chondroitin sulfate is another supplement, often taken in conjunction with glucosamine, which seems to protect joints from breaking down.While there is debate about the body's ability to absorb chondroitin orally, injectable forms have proven quite effective.
Calcium and magnesium are also vital nutrients in the fight against arthritis. |
Email this page to a friend
